GS PAPER Polity, Governance and IR 2023 Question 17

Q17. “Development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable, by its nature, are discriminatory in approach.” Do you agree? Give reasons for your answer.15

Whether development and welfare schemes for the vulnerable are discriminatory in approach depends on how they are structured and implemented. On the one hand, these schemes often target specific groups of people, such as women, minorities, or the poor. This can be seen as discriminatory in the sense that it treats different segments of the population differently. On the other hand, these schemes are often designed to address historical injustices and promote social equity. In this sense, they can be seen as a form of positive discrimination.

Points in favour

• Targeted Approach: Development and welfare schemes often target specific vulnerable or disadvantaged groups, such as low-income individuals, scheduled castes, scheduled tribes, or persons with disabilities. This targeted approach can be seen as discriminatory as it singles out particular groups for assistance.
• Resource Allocation: Focusing resources on vulnerable groups may result in fewer resources being available for other sections of the population, which can be perceived as discrimination against those who do not qualify for assistance.
• Exclusionary Effect: In some cases, welfare schemes may inadvertently exclude certain vulnerable groups due to eligibility criteria, administrative hurdles, or lack of awareness. This exclusion can be seen as discriminatory against those left out.

Points in opposition

• Affirmative Action: Development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups are often a form of affirmative action aimed at rectifying historical injustices and addressing systemic inequalities. They are not meant to discriminate but to provide opportunities and level the playing field.
• Equity and Inclusivity: Such schemes are designed to promote equity and inclusivity in society. They recognize that not all groups have equal access to resources, opportunities, and services and seek to rectify these disparities.
• Social Justice: The principle of social justice underpins many welfare schemes. It emphasizes the need to ensure that the most disadvantaged members of society receive assistance to improve their quality of life.
• Mitigating Discrimination: Development schemes often work to mitigate discrimination and prejudice faced by vulnerable groups, promoting their social and economic integration.
• Holistic Development: Many welfare schemes aim at holistic development, focusing on education, healthcare, employment, and social security for the vulnerable. This approach aligns with principles of human rights and dignity.
• Inclusive Growth: In the long run, policies that uplift the most vulnerable contribute to overall economic and social development, benefiting society as a whole. In this sense, they are not discriminatory but rather inclusive.

In conclusion, whether development and welfare schemes for vulnerable groups are discriminatory or not depends on how they are designed and implemented. While they may appear to single out specific groups, their intention is generally to rectify historical injustices, reduce disparities, and promote social justice and inclusivity. The ultimate goal is to create a more equitable and just society where all individuals have the opportunity to lead dignified and fulfilling lives.